Fracture | Types and radiology of fracture

Fracture:

Fracture is defined as break in a bone. If skin also gets punctured then it is known as compound fracture or open fracture. Types of fractures are discussed below:

• Hangman’s Fx.
• Colle’s Fx.
• Greenstick Fx.
• Cotton’s Fx.
• Dupuytren Fx.
• Essex-Lopresti Fx.
• Hill-Sachs Fx.
• Galeazzi Fx.
• Gosselin Fx.
• Duverney Fx.
• Holstein-Lewis Fx.
• Holdsworth Fx.
• Hume Fx.
• Jefferson Fx.
• Jones Fx.
• Le fort Fx.
• Lisfranc Fx.
• Maisonneuve Fx.
• Malgaigne’s Fx.

1.Hangman’s fracture:

• Fracture of both pedicles.
• A hangman’s fracture is a Fracture. of both pedicles or pars inter-articularis of the axis vertebra (C2)
• MOI: Distraction and extension of neck.

2.Colle’s fracture:

(Abraham Colle’s)

• Colle’s Fx. is a Fx. of distal radius in the forearm with dorsal (posterior) and radial displacement of the wrist and hand.
• The Fx. is sometimes referred to as a “dinner fork” or “bayonet” deformity due to shape of resultant forearm.
•  MOI: Fall on outstretched hand.

3.Green fracture:

• A Fx. of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.
• MOI- bending forces after fall.

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4.Cotton’s fracture:

(Frederick J.cotton)

• A Tri-malleolar Fx. is a Fx. of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus ,the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia , which can be termed posterior malleolus.
• The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation.

5.Dupuytren fracture:

(Guillaume Dupuytren)

• Dupuytren Fx. is a type of bi-malleolar ankle Fx.
• The term is commonly used to refer to a Fx. of the distal portion of the fibula above the lateral malleolus, with an associated tear of tibiofibular ligaments and the deltoid ligament.
• There is lateral displacement of talus and might be the medial malleolus Fx. as well.

6.Essex-Lopresti :

(Peter essex-lopresti)

• The Essex-Lopresti Fx. is a Fx. of radial head with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane.
• MOI- Fall from height.

7.Hill-Sachs :

• It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.

8.Galeazzi Fracture:

(Ricardo Galeazzi)

• A Fx. of radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
• It involves an isolated Fx. of the junction of third and middle third of radius with associated subluxation or dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint ;the injury disrupt forearm axis joint.
• MOI: Blow to forearm.

9.Gosselin Fracture:

(Leon Athanese Gosselin)

• The Gosselin Fx. is V-shaped Fx. of distal tibia which extends into the ankle joint and fractures the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments.

10.Duverney Fracture:

(Joseph Guichard Duverney)

• Duverney fractures are isolated pelvic fractures involving only iliac wing.
• They are caused by direct trauma to the iliac wing , and are generally stable fractures as they do not disrupt the weight bearing pelvic ring.
• MOI- direct trauma.

11. Holstein-Lewis Fracture:

(Arthur Holstein and Gwylim Lewis)

• A Holstein-Lewis Fx. is a Fx. of distal third of humerus resulting in entrapment of the radial nerve.

12. Holdsworth :

(Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth)

• An unstable Fx. dislocation of thoraco-lumbar junction of spine.

13. Hume fracture:

(A.C. Hume)

• The Hume Fx. is an injury of the elbow comprising a Fx. of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of radial head which occurs in children.

14. Jefferson :

(Sir Geoffrey Jefferson)

• A Jefferson Fx. is a bone Fx. of anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, though it may also appear as a three- or two-part Fx.
• The Fx. may result from an axial load on back of head or hyperextension of the neck.

15. Jones fracture:

• A jones Fx. is a Fx. in meta-diaphyseal junction of fifth metatarsal of the foot.
• The proximal end of the metatarsal, where the jones Fx. occurs in the near the midportion of the foot, on the fifth ray (of which the fifth toe belongs).
• MOI: Inversion of ankle.

16. Le fort fracture:

(Rene Le Fort)

• A Le Fort Fx. of skull is a classic fracture of midface and surrounding structures in either a horizontal, pyramidal or transverse direction.

Le fort 1 (horizontal)

Le-fort 2 (pyramidal)

Le-fort 3 (transvers)

MOI: direct trauma to face

Click for detailed information on types, physiology and anatomy of bone fractures.

17. Le fort’s fracture of ankle:

(Leon Clement Le Fort)

• Le Fort’s Fx. of ankle is a verticle Fx. of antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.
• It t is opposite to a Tillaux-Chaput avulsion Fx.

8. Lisfranc :

(Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin)

• The Lisfranc injury is an injury of foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus.

19. Maisonneuve :

(Jules Germain Francois Maisonneuve)

• The Maisonneuve Fx. is a spiral Fx. of the proximal third of fibula associated with a tear of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane.
• MOI: External rotation of ankle.

20. Malgaigne’s Fracture:

(Joseph-Francois Malgaigne)

• A Malgaigne Fx. is a vertical pelvic Fx. with bilateral sacroiliac dislocation and Fx. of the pubic rami.
• MOI: High energy impact to pelvis (front to back)