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Fracture:
Fracture is defined as break in a bone. If skin also gets punctured then it is known as compound fracture or open fracture. Types of fractures are discussed below:
- Hangman’s Fx.
- Colle’s Fx.
- Greenstick Fx.
- Cotton’s Fx.
- Dupuytren Fx.
- Essex-Lopresti Fx.
- Hill-Sachs Fx.
- Galeazzi Fx.
- Gosselin Fx.
- Duverney Fx.
- Holstein-Lewis Fx.
- Holdsworth Fx.
- Hume Fx.
- Jefferson Fx.
- Jones Fx.
- Le fort Fx.
- Lisfranc Fx.
- Maisonneuve Fx.
- Malgaigne’s Fx.
1.Hangman’s fracture:
- Fracture of both pedicles.
- A hangman’s fracture is a Fracture. of both pedicles or pars inter-articularis of the axis vertebra (C2)
- MOI: Distraction and extension of neck.
2.Colle’s fracture:
(Abraham Colle’s)
- Colle’s Fx. is a Fx. of distal radius in the forearm with dorsal (posterior) and radial displacement of the wrist and hand.
- The Fx. is sometimes referred to as a “dinner fork” or “bayonet” deformity due to shape of resultant forearm.
- MOI: Fall on outstretched hand.
3.Green fracture:
- A Fx. of the bone, occurring typically in children, in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.
- MOI- bending forces after fall.
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4.Cotton’s fracture:
(Frederick J.cotton)
- A Tri-malleolar Fx. is a Fx. of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus ,the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia , which can be termed posterior malleolus.
- The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and dislocation.
5.Dupuytren fracture:
(Guillaume Dupuytren)
- Dupuytren Fx. is a type of bi-malleolar ankle Fx.
- The term is commonly used to refer to a Fx. of the distal portion of the fibula above the lateral malleolus, with an associated tear of tibiofibular ligaments and the deltoid ligament.
- There is lateral displacement of talus and might be the medial malleolus Fx. as well.
6.Essex-Lopresti :
(Peter essex-lopresti)
- The Essex-Lopresti Fx. is a Fx. of radial head with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane.
- MOI- Fall from height.
7.Hill-Sachs :
- It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.
8.Galeazzi Fracture:
(Ricardo Galeazzi)
- A Fx. of radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
- It involves an isolated Fx. of the junction of third and middle third of radius with associated subluxation or dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint ;the injury disrupt forearm axis joint.
- MOI: Blow to forearm.
9.Gosselin Fracture:
(Leon Athanese Gosselin)
- The Gosselin Fx. is V-shaped Fx. of distal tibia which extends into the ankle joint and fractures the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments.
10.Duverney Fracture:
(Joseph Guichard Duverney)
- Duverney fractures are isolated pelvic fractures involving only iliac wing.
- They are caused by direct trauma to the iliac wing , and are generally stable fractures as they do not disrupt the weight bearing pelvic ring.
- MOI- direct trauma.
11. Holstein-Lewis Fracture:
(Arthur Holstein and Gwylim Lewis)
- A Holstein-Lewis Fx. is a Fx. of distal third of humerus resulting in entrapment of the radial nerve.
12. Holdsworth :
(Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth)
- An unstable Fx. dislocation of thoraco-lumbar junction of spine.
13. Hume fracture:
(A.C. Hume)
- The Hume Fx. is an injury of the elbow comprising a Fx. of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of radial head which occurs in children.
14. Jefferson :
(Sir Geoffrey Jefferson)
- A Jefferson Fx. is a bone Fx. of anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, though it may also appear as a three- or two-part Fx.
- The Fx. may result from an axial load on back of head or hyperextension of the neck.
15. Jones fracture:
- A jones Fx. is a Fx. in meta-diaphyseal junction of fifth metatarsal of the foot.
- The proximal end of the metatarsal, where the jones Fx. occurs in the near the midportion of the foot, on the fifth ray (of which the fifth toe belongs).
- MOI: Inversion of ankle.
16. Le fort fracture:
(Rene Le Fort)
- A Le Fort Fx. of skull is a classic fracture of midface and surrounding structures in either a horizontal, pyramidal or transverse direction.
Le fort 1 (horizontal)
Le-fort 2 (pyramidal)
Le-fort 3 (transvers)
MOI: direct trauma to face
Click for detailed information on types, physiology and anatomy of bone fractures.
17. Le fort’s fracture of ankle:
(Leon Clement Le Fort)
- Le Fort’s Fx. of ankle is a verticle Fx. of antero-medial part of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.
- It t is opposite to a Tillaux-Chaput avulsion Fx.
8. Lisfranc :
(Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin)
- The Lisfranc injury is an injury of foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus.
19. Maisonneuve :
(Jules Germain Francois Maisonneuve)
- The Maisonneuve Fx. is a spiral Fx. of the proximal third of fibula associated with a tear of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane.
- MOI: External rotation of ankle.
20. Malgaigne’s Fracture:
(Joseph-Francois Malgaigne)
- A Malgaigne Fx. is a vertical pelvic Fx. with bilateral sacroiliac dislocation and Fx. of the pubic rami.
- MOI: High energy impact to pelvis (front to back)
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